I don't have any sources at the moment as they are few and far between, this is more along the lines of experience.
The 5700XT is definitely overkill for ArcGIS Pro. Unless you plan on gaming or love throwing money away I would get something cheaper. Unless ArcGIS pro plans to support ray tracing with RTX, the RTX and RTX Super cards are also overkill. Same goes for the new AMD cards. A Radeon RX 580 or NVidia 1660/1660 Ti would probably be enough and should save you several hundred.
Consumer cards will always be cheaper than the pro lines (Quadro and Firepro). In terms of using ArcGIS Pro, it shouldn't matter which, they should all perform relatively well.
In terms of bottlenecks, you have several, listed in order of my opinion of it's performance hit.
1- Single Core CPU performance: This is how fast things can get done. ArcGIS tends to still use a lot of single threaded tasks, so get as high as possible. The new Ryzen 3000 series looks pretty promising with having single core performance comparable or better than similarly priced intels. I use passmark for scores.
https://www.cpubenchmark.net/cpu.php?cpu=AMD+Ryzen+5+3600&id=3481
2- Storage Speed: If you are reading and writing datasets locally, NVMe drives will make a significant difference. They are super fast and have very little latency. If this is unfeasible, go for regular SSDs.
3- RAM Amount: This only really matters if you are processing large datasets. The larger the datasets, the more RAM you need. If you don't use more than 16 GB of RAM, upgrading to 64 will make minimal difference. However, if you need to use more than 16 GB of RAM and only have 16, your system will start using your disk storage as RAM and slow to a crawl (unless you have an NVMe drive).
4- GPU: This is IMO the weakest bottleneck in ArcGIS software. Some software like manifold and certain OSGEO functions use it, but not many.
For reference, I run ArcGIS pro to do some occasional visuals. I have a gaming laptop with a 4 core (8 thread) intel i5-8300H, an nvidia gtx 1050, 8 GB of RAM, and nvme storage. It runs ArcGIS pro like a dream. I do plan on upgrading to 16 GB of RAM, and adding a data SSD at some point as they are both limits I am hitting.
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